Les leaders imparfaits sont mieux outillés pour affronter la crise

SaulDavid
L’historien militaire britannique Saul David (source: IMDb)

THE ENGLISH VERSION FOLLOWS

Ces derniers jours, j’ai eu le privilège de questionner l’auteur et historien militaire britannique de renommée internationale Saul David à propos de la crise actuelle liée à la pandémie de la Covid-19. Son éclairage est des plus pertinents et intéressants. Voici le contenu de notre échange.

Professeur Saul David, je tiens tout d’abord à vous féliciter pour la publication de votre nouveau livre – lequel sera assurément un autre succès en librairie.

En tant qu’historien militaire, vous avez réfléchi, effectué des recherches et écrit à propos de la contribution vitale des militaires au fil des âges.

Alors que nous traversons la crise de la Covid-19, à quel moment croyez-vous qu’il sera nécessaire de faire appel aux Forces armées en première ligne de cette bataille? Quels en seront les signes annonciateurs?

En Grande-Bretagne, les Forces armées sont déjà déployées et contribuent au transport du matériel et soutiennent les services médicaux. À mesure que les civils qui occupent des rôles vitaux tombent malades, ils et elles seront remplacés par des militaires.

Les militaires sont une ressource idéale en période de crise puisqu’ils sont en excellente forme et disposent de compétences spécialisées pouvant être utilisées en replacement des employés civils.

En quoi les Forces armées sont-elles mieux préparées et organisées pour répondre à de telles situations?

Parce que ce sont des jeunes, ils sont en excellente forme et disposent de compétences spécialisées pouvant être utilisées en replacement des employés civils.

Les leaders imparfaits sont, à mon avis, moins égoïstes et plus disposés à déléguer et collaborer avec leurs collègues.

Confinées à la maison, plusieurs sont à la recherche de figures inspirantes. Quelles chefs militaires du passé étaient les mieux outillés pour composer avec les crises en période de guerre?

Généralement, les personnalités au passé imparfait, comme par exemple le grand général des forces de l’Union [aux États-Unis, pendant la Guerre de Sécession], qui deviendra ensuite le président Ulysses S. Grant. Les leaders imparfaits sont, à mon avis, moins égoïstes et plus disposés à déléguer et collaborer avec leurs collègues. Parmi ces héros méconnus, mes favoris sont le chef d’État-major américain George C. Marshall et le chef d’État-major britannique Sir Alan Brooke (qui deviendra plus tard Lord Alanbrooke), qui ont tous deux servi pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ils ont sacrifié leur ambition personnelle qui les aurait normalement conduits à diriger des troupes sur le terrain pour occuper des fonctions beaucoup plus importantes : présider aux destinées de l’effort de guerre avec les politiciens.

Dans la présente crise, nous sommes inspirés par cette formidable génération aux États-Unis qui a été forgée au feu de la Grande Dépression.

SaulDavidOkinawaVotre nouveau livre sur la bataille d’Okinawa est publié aujourd’hui (2 avril). Bien que les circonstances auraient incontestablement pu être meilleures pour une grande célébration en ce grand jour, êtes-vous d’avis qu’il y a un lien entre l’esprit de sacrifice de ces hommes qui ont combattu durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et les efforts demandés aux professionnels de la santé dans les journées cruciales que nous vivons actuellement? Serait-il justifié de les qualifier de libérateurs des temps modernes face à la tyrannie de la pandémie?

Il y a un lien indéniable. Ce n’est pas une coïncidence si les gens en Grande-Bretagne réfèrent actuellement à l’ « esprit du Blitz » [période durant laquelle les Britanniques encaissaient les bombardements nocturnes par la Luftwaffe allemande pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale] et le fait que nous sommes tous dans le même bateau. La priorité est maintenant de mettre l’emphase sur la communauté et l’importance de prioriser la société et notre pays au lieu des intérêts égoïstes. Nous sommes inspirés par cette formidable génération aux États-Unis qui a été forgée au feu de la Grande Dépression.

Nous sommes aussi inspirés qu’apeurés.

Comment l’histoire militaire est-elle en mesure de nous inspirer durant cette période inquiétante?

L’histoire militaire contient tous les ingrédients de la vie, les bons comme les mauvais. Une recension de Crucible of Hell [son dernier livre à propos de la célèbre bataille d’Okinawa] contient cet extrait : « On y retrouve naturellement un élément d’héroïsme et d’enthousiasme; une fascination pour le danger et le sentiment d’aventure; la gloire et la rédemption personnelles; l’incompétence et la destruction. La guerre englobe tout cela. » Voilà qui résume très bien le phénomène. Nous sommes aussi inspirés qu’apeurés. Il s’agit donc d’une lecture parfaite dans la situation présente.

J’écris mon prochain livre […] et je passe aussi beaucoup de temps avec mon épouse et mes trois filles, dont deux sont de jeunes adultes.

À quoi ressemblent vos journées en confinement?

J’écris mon prochain livre [qui sera consacré aux Forces spéciales britanniques]. Je suis chanceux d’en avoir terminé la recherche, parce que la plupart des fonds d’archives sont maintenant fermés. Je passe aussi beaucoup de temps avec mon épouse et mes trois filles, dont deux sont de jeunes adultes. J’en conserverai de précieux souvenirs dans l’avenir. Nos vies sont généralement très occupées. On pourrait pratiquement dire que la Terre tourne moins rapidement sur son axe.

Je vous remercie infiniment d’avoir pris le temps de répondre à mes questions aujourd’hui et je vous souhaite, ainsi qu’à toute votre famille, de traverser sains et saufs cette période difficile et décisive de nos vies!

Pour ceux et celles que cela peut intéresser, Saul David est également l’auteur de The Force, un excellent livre consacré à la légendaire unité canado-américaine des Forces spéciales ayant servi pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

_______

Flawed leaders are better equipped to cope with the crisis

Over the last week, I had the privilege of questioning renowned British author and military historian Saul David about the current Covid-19 crisis we are actually going through. Here is the content of our exchange.

Professor Saul David: first of all, congratulations on the publication of your new book – certainly another blockbuster.

As a military historian, you have reflected, researched and wrote about the vital contribution of military personnel across the ages.

As we are progressing in the Covid-19 crisis, when do you believe the presence of the Armed Forces will be necessary on the front lines of the battle? What telltale signs should we be looking for?

In Britain the armed forces have already been deployed, helping to move supplies and supporting the medical services. As more civilians in vital roles get ill, they will be replaced by service men and women.

Soldiers are ideal to respond to such a crisis because they are young, fit and have specialized skills that can be used to replace civilian workers.

Why are the Armed Forces better prepared and organized to respond to such situations?

Because they are young, fit and have specialized skills that can be used to replace civilian workers.

Flawed leaders are, in my view, less egotistical and better at delegating / cooperating with colleagues.

Many people are looking for great figures to read about as they are confined home. Which military figures from the past were the best equipped to cope with crisis during wars?

Usually figures with a flawed past, like the great Union general and later US President Ulysees S. Grant. Flawed leaders are, in my view, less egotistical and better at delegating / cooperating with colleagues. My personal favourites are unsung heroes like US Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall and British Army Chief of Staff Sir Alan Brooke (later Lord Alanbrooke), both of World War II. They sacrificed their personal ambition to command field armies to remain in a far more important post: directing the war effort with the politicians.

It’s about community, about putting society and your nation ahead of selfish interests, and the Great Generation in the US – hardened in the white heat of Depression – is all about that.

Your new book about the battle of Okinawa is published today (April 2nd). Although circumstances certainly could have been better for a big bash celebrating this great day, do you think there is a link between the spirit of sacrifice of those men who fought in World War II and what is asked of medical professionals in these crucial days? Could we call them modern liberators against the tyranny of pandemic?

Absolutely there’s a link. It’s no coincidence that people in the UK are referring to the ‘Blitz Spirit’, and the fact that we’re all in this together. It’s about community, about putting society and your nation ahead of selfish interests, and the Great Generation in the US – hardened in the white heat of Depression – is all about that.

How can military history can inspire us during these worrisome days?

Military history contains all the ingredients of life endeavour, good and bad. A review of Crucible of Hell included the words: ‘There is obviously something about heroism and excitement; a fascination with danger and the thrill of adventure; personal glory and redemption; incompetence and destruction. War has it all.’ That sums it up nicely. It inspires and horrifies in equal measure. Perfect reading for our current situation.

I write my new book and I spend a lot of time with my wife and three daughters, two of whom are young adults.

How do you occupy your days in confinement?

Writing my new book [which will be about British Special Forces]. It’s lucky that I’d already completed the research because most archives are now closed. I’m also spending a lot of time with my wife and three daughters, two of whom are young adults, which is something I will treasure in the future. Normally they have such busy lives. It’s as if the world is turning more slowly on its axis.

Many sincere thanks for taking the time to respond to my questions today and all the best to you and your family during this defining, yet difficult, time of our lives.

For those of you who might be interested, Saul David is also the author of The Force, an excellent book about a legendary Special Forces unit regrouping Canadian and American soldiers during World War II.

Why Mattis didn’t survive in the Trump administration

HoldingTheLineReading memoirs of important players who worked during presidencies has always fascinated me. I notably cherish the moments spent reading Dick Morris, Ed Rollins, Peggy Noonan, George Stephanopoulos and James Carville’s books during my University years. Classics in my humble opinion.

I was therefore thrilled to dive into Holding the Line: Inside Trump’s Pentagon with Secretary Mattis by Guy M. Snodgrass, former Chief Speechwriter and Communications Director for Secretary of Defense James N. Mattis.

What strikes me upon finishing this book is how difficult it must have been to work for and with the 45th President. Picture this. You’ve prepared a briefing for the leader of the free world and this man is only fixated on organizing a big military parade in Washington, D.C., because he was impressed with the 14th of July celebrations in Paris. You therefore realize that, next time around, you will “[…] only use slides with pictures… no words.” You’re talking here about the individual who makes life-and-death decisions for 1.3 million members of the Armed Forces and can decide to start a war.

I could also mention the particular episode when Lockheed Martin’s executives decided to flatter Trump’s ego by pretending his involvement in the F-35 contributed to lower the cost. “The only problem? Those savings had been already planned for years in advance […].” That’s how insecure and immature the current resident of the White House is.

And then there’s the moment when people at the Pentagon – the Secretary of Defense at the top of the list – learnt, probably live on TV or over the Internet, during a summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un that “war games” historically planned and organized between the US and South Korean armies would be suspended. Talk about respecting your allies. Much the same happened with the creation of the Space Force. Not to mention the NATO summit when POTUS went off message. In brief, “the administration wasn’t operating strategically, but rather looking for issues to provide immediate satisfaction.” The type of instant gratification you can expect from children.

To a certain extent, this portrait of the man was to be expected. Donald Trump has never been renowned for being a serious person, an avid reader or an intellectually curious politician. Chances are slim he will fall in love with a tome about General George Marshall or the minutiae of military affairs. I doubt we will see a pile of books set aside for him at the Barnes & Noble downtown D.C. (I once saw such a pile set aside for President George W. Bush during one of my visits in the US Capital).

I don’t know why, but what flabbergasted me the most was to read how Mattis reacted to Trump and the way he accepted to be treated. On one hand, he could have a phone conversation with the President, using a very ingratiating tone of voice and, on the other, he would lose control of a meeting with National Security Advisor John Bolton, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and State Secretary Mike Pompeo, allowing them to interrupt him with impunity. Not the type of behavior you expect from a man who is compared to General George Patton and whose nickname is “Mad Dog”.

According to the author, James Mattis “[…] is actually conflict-adverse in dealing with people he sees on a regular basis.” Which could explain how a retired US Marines Corps General got trampled over by a real estate mogul and his minions. In other words, Mattis became a legend with men who served under him, but he was not necessarily cut to serve alongside a president who doesn’t believe in the tenets of diplomacy which are so important to Mattis and to Rex Tillerson who served as Secretary of State at the beginning of the current administration and was also fired by the Tweeter-in-Chief.

It goes without saying that Donald Trump could have benefited so much more from the talent, expertise and knowledge of a bookish military figure “[…] who at one point owned more than seven thousand books in his library […]” and who takes inspiration from the legendary Henry Kissinger, but these type of men need more than 180 characters to reflect and take action. In a sense, one wonders how is it that such a great man could stick around so long in an administration that doesn’t know the meaning of grace, diplomacy and vision.

Many books will be published in the future about the inside story of the Trump administration. But I’m certain Guy Snodgrass will be among the most interesting, because of his inspired style, but also his profound decency (between the lines, you can understand that this guy was way too kind for the treacherous world of politics). Like his former boss, he’s a warrior-scholar. And Lord knows we need such men more than trigger-happy provocateurs.