Joe Biden: Leader of the Free World

“To every man there comes in his lifetime that special moment when he is figuratively tapped on the shoulder and offered a chance to do a very special thing, unique to him and fitted to his talents,” declared Winston Churchill. For many, that hour comes early. For some, like the heroic British Prime Minister, it comes later. For others, like US President Joe Biden, it comes even later in life.

As we commemorate today the tragic first anniversary of the murderous onslaught launched by Vladimir Putin against Ukraine, it seems fitting to write about one of the best political biographies I have read in a long time. The Fight of His Life: Inside Joe Biden’s White House (Scribner) is required reading for anyone seeking to understand the character of the 46th President of the United States.

In the summer of 2017, the events surrounding the extreme-right manifestations in the streets of Charlottesville convinced former Vice President Biden that Donald Trump “was giving evil a safe harbour”, thus contributing to the Democratic politician’s decision to run. The combat for 2020 was between good and evil. And no one was better equipped than Joe Biden to lead it.

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Putin thought he could get away with the invasion of Ukraine

Giles Milton (source: Macmillan)

Giles Milton is one of my favorite authors. And it’s always a real pleasure to be in touch with him. Even before I wrote my review of his last book, he agreed to answer some questions for this blog. If you haven’t read his book yet, run to the bookstore or get it online. This is a must, in the context of the aggression war conducted against Ukraine. For the time being, I trust you will enjoy this interview.

Mr. Milton, Checkmate in Berlin is a brilliant lecture about American and British innovation in adversity, mainly in organizing the Berlin airlift. Do you see the same attitude these days towards Ukraine?

Nothing on the scale of the Berlin Airlift had ever been attempted before. True, the Americans had airlifted vast quantities of weapons to the Chinese during the Second World War, but the Berlin Airlift was supporting (and keeping alive) several million Berliners.

Continue reading “Putin thought he could get away with the invasion of Ukraine”

11 Minutes to Recognize Israel

Harry S. Truman always ranked among my favorite presidents of the United States, if only because he made sure America was the first country to recognize the birth of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948. In his new book Saving Freedom: Truman, the Cold War, and the Fight for Western Civilization (HarperCollins), bestselling author and renowned TV personality (MSNBC) Joe Scarborough reiterates that the 34th president faced stern opposition from his Secretary of State George C. Marshall and his deputies, which “[…] led to an open conflict between the State Department and the White House.”  Although such a conflict is to be expected, I was surprised and amazed to read that it only took 11 minutes for the president to make his decision, against all odds.

Not much is written about Truman. Not enough in my humble opinion. After all, there is much more to the 34th President than the decision to use the bomb to end World War II. In Joe Scarborough’s words, he was “the most consequential foreign policy president of the past seventy-five years.”

Apart from showing tremendous courage in facing headwinds about Israel, he had previously been instrumental in blocking the Soviet Union’s advance in the Mediterranean area. Upon learning in February 1947 that Great Britain could no longer shoulder its global role because “[…] Hitler’s war machine wreathed that nation in everlasting glory, but exhausted its resources and its people”, the Truman administration had a choice to make. Revert to isolationism or espouse a leadership role in the world. Great Britain would pass the torch to the United States and Washington would undertake the mission of developing and implementing a policy to prevent Greece and Turkey from falling under the hammer and sickle.

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Biden cares about people other politicians would ignore

Evan Osnos besides a picture of his excellent biography of President Joe Biden (source: The Aspen Institute).

(version française)

Few days before the US presidential election of November 3rd, I reviewed the biography of then-Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden by acclaimed author and journalist Evan Osnos.

Those of you who watched CNN during the last couple of weeks have certainly seen him, since he notably commented the inauguration of the 46th President.

Despite a hectic schedule, Mr. Osnos kindly accepted to answer a few exclusive questions for this blog. I’m very happy to share this insightful interview which sheds light on the personality of the new resident of the White House.

Here is the content of our exchange.

I was amazed to see that President Biden installed a bust of President Harry S. Truman in the Oval Office. How does this former President inspire him? 

Biden has fond memories of Truman because of his grandfather’s political influence on him. He recalls visiting his “Grandpop” Ambrose Finnegan, in Scranton, and all the Irishmen in the neighborhood were blue-collar “Truman Democrats.” “That’s the thing they liked about Harry Truman: no artifice,” Biden wrote in his first memoir. “He knew where he stood, and he wasn’t afraid to say it.”

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Theodore Roosevelt fut un grand président, soutient Maurin Picard

Je publiais vendredi dernier ma recension de l’exceptionnel livre Le Manoir: Histoire et histoires de la Maison-Blanche (Éditions Perrin) de l’historien et journaliste Maurin Picard. Dans la foulée de cette publication, cet auteur généreusement sympathique a accepté de répondre à quelques questions aux fins d’une entrevue exclusive que je vous livre aujourd’hui.

Pour ceux et celles qui seraient encore à la recherche du cadeau idéal à l’approche de la période des Fêtes pour le féru politique, l’historien ou le mordu de politique américaine dans votre entourage, déposer un exemplaire de ce livre sous le sapin assurera à cet être estimé des heures de plaisir intellectuel garanti. Surtout à l’approche de l’inauguration du 46e président des États-Unis et de son entrée à la Maison-Blanche le 20 janvier prochain.

Même sur le départ, Lyndon B. Johnson aurait pu épargner 4 ans de guerre à l’Amérique.

On parle beaucoup et on aime lire à propos des grands présidents, les Washington, Lincoln, Roosevelt et Kennedy pour ne nommer que ceux-là. Y a-t-il un président qui a été particulièrement maltraité dans l’histoire selon vous?

Il est de bon ton aujourd’hui de restaurer l’image de deux présidents mal-aimés, Lyndon B. Johnson et Jimmy Carter.

Mais il ne faut pas oublier le contexte, qui désamorce quelque peu l’entreprise actuelle de réhabilitation de LBJ et Carter : le premier fut réellement incapable de résister aux pressions de l’état-major, qui demandait toujours plus d’hommes au Vietnam et mentait ouvertement sur le bilan quotidien des combats. Ses cauchemars récurrents le rendent plus humain et réclament notre compassion, mais ils n’excusent pas cette faillite décisionnelle. Le refus de dénoncer le sabotage des négociations de paix à Paris en 1968 par le candidat républicain Richard Nixon est lui aussi absolument inexcusable. Johnson, même sur le départ, aurait pu épargner 4 ans de guerre à l’Amérique et autant d’années de captivité pour les résidents du « Hanoi Hilton », dont un nommé John McCain. Et qui sait, le Watergate?

Quant à Jimmy Carter, sa franchise, son honnêteté typiques du fermier pieux et bon de Géorgie, peuvent être aujourd’hui louées. Mais face à la crise pétrolière de 1979 et au fiasco de l’opération « Eagle Claw » en Iran (sauvetage avorté des otages de l’ambassade de Téhéran), qui couronnait une décennie maudite, l’Amérique avait besoin d’un cheerleader. Et ce fut Ronald Reagan.

Les années sombres, polarisantes, destructrices à bien des égards, que connaissent en ce moment les États-Unis, n’ont rien d’inédit.

Qu’est-ce qui vous a le plus frappé dans vos recherches?

Sans surprise, la valeur exceptionnelle de certains individus parvenus au sommet du pouvoir, que l’on ne peut que comparer à la médiocrité intellectuelle de nombreux hommes politiques en 2020. La seconde découverte est une lapalissade, ou presque : les années sombres, polarisantes, destructrices à bien des égards, que connaissent en ce moment les États-Unis, n’ont rien d’inédit. Le pays fut maintes fois dans sa jeune histoire au bord de l’implosion, que ce fut en 1814, 1861, 1930 ou 1968.

La troisième, enfin, est une révélation : la période 1960-1974, de Kennedy à Nixon, recoupe proportionnellement le plus grand nombre de chapitres. Les bouleversements de l’Amérique durant ces années sanglantes, sombres mais aussi exaltantes, continuent de propager les secousses telluriques jusqu’à nous aujourd’hui, qu’il s’agisse des tensions raciales, du fossé nord-sud, des violences policières, des guerres étrangères, et bien sûr de la morale des occupants du Bureau ovale, tout aussi vacillante chez JFK que chez Nixon. Johnson, comme je le disais plus haut, est quant à lui un personnage absolument fascinant, admirablement raconté par son ex-confidente, l’historienne Doris Kearns Goodwin.

Y a-t-il des sujets que vous avez été contraint d’écarter et que l’on ne retrouve pas dans Le Manoir?

La pagination était limitée, ce qui a donc nécessité un choix éditorial, toujours douloureux! Ulysses Grant à la Maison Blanche aurait mérité un chapitre, en président aimé mais trop crédule, confronté à un après-guerre de Sécession malaisé, douloureux. J’aurais aimé également parler un peu plus des années Carter et Reagan à la Maison Blanche, de l’ombre à la lumière pour une Amérique convalescente, mais qui allait toutefois vaciller sur ses bases avec le fiasco en Iran (voir ci-dessus), puis le scandale des contras et de l’Irangate, qui aurait pu (dû?) valoir un procès en destitution à Ronald Reagan.

Theodore Roosevelt (source: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette).

Si on vous demandait d’écrire davantage au sujet d’un président de votre choix, lequel choisiriez-vous et pourquoi?

Theodore Roosevelt, sans l’ombre d’une hésitation, dans la mesure où sa vie fut exceptionnelle, entre drames intimes, aventures à dresser les cheveux sur la tête, défis sportifs insensés, accomplissements présidentiels, gestes fantasques et grands éclats de rire. Je suis également très attiré par l’ère Truman, si déterminante pour le sort du monde avec un président « accidentel » que personne n’attendait. La « tragédie » de Lyndon B. Johnson est elle aussi passionnante, s’agissant d’un homme qui nourrissait de grands rêves, possédait certainement les compétences pour mener à bien son grand œuvre, la résorption de la pauvreté, mais fut détruit par une guerre à l’engrenage incompréhensible, le Vietnam.

La Covid-19 nous oblige à traverser une période difficile de l’histoire. Cela dit, les catastrophes n’ont pas manqué dans l’histoire de la Maison-Blanche et de ses occupants. Qu’est-ce que les Lincoln et FDR peuvent nous enseigner sur le leadership en temps de crise?

Il y a dans ces deux hommes plusieurs qualités communes, qui semblent plus nécessaires que jamais à l’issue de l’ère Trump et en pleine pandémie : humilité, conviction, patriotisme, bon sens. Lincoln et Roosevelt ont une certitude : la grandeur de leur pays, et sa capacité à se redresser, fût-ce d’une guerre de Sécession en 1865 ou de la pire crise économique de l’histoire en 1929. Ils sélectionnent judicieusement leur cabinet gouvernemental, épargnent leurs adversaires politiques, recherchent le compromis et font adopter de haute lutte les réformes nécessaires à la survie des États-Unis, au détriment de leur santé physique et nerveuse. D’où la question, inévitable : même bien entouré et déterminé à apaiser les esprits, Joe Biden tiendra-t-il la distance?

Theodore Roosevelt suit Abraham Lincoln et Franklin Delano Roosevelt de près sur l’échelle de grandeur des présidents américains. Il fut un très grand chef d’État, tant par son exceptionnelle palette de talents d’aventurier et d’intellectuel, de « fonceur » et d’érudit.

Theodore Roosevelt figure parmi mes présidents favoris. Sur l’échelle de grandeur des occupants du Bureau Ovale, où le situeriez-vous?

Je vous rejoins sur cette opinion. « TR » suit Abraham Lincoln et Franklin Delano Roosevelt de près sur l’échelle de grandeur des présidents américains.

Il fut un très grand chef d’État, tant par son exceptionnelle palette de talents d’aventurier et d’intellectuel, de « fonceur » et d’érudit, qui perd un œil en boxant tout à fait clandestinement, mais qui décrochera le Prix Nobel de la Paix pour ses efforts de médiation dans la guerre russo-japonaise de 1904-1905. Et puis, il faut l’avouer, la Maison Blanche sous son règne et celui de ses affreux jojos de rejetons donnait envie d’y être ! Il est l’homme qui, par son enthousiasme, sa vision, sa personnalité hors-normes, projette l’Amérique au sommet des nations. On peut se demander si un homme comme lui aurait « tenu » la promesse de Société des Nations, que son successeur Woodrow Wilson ne sut pas honorer, et aurait prolongé la paix après 1920. Mais la mort de son fils préféré, Quentin, en 1918 dans le ciel de France avait déjà diminué l’homme, qui décède relativement jeune, à 60 ans.

L’apport de George H.W. Bush fut immense pour la résolution pacifique de la guerre froide, et son refus de crier victoire pour ne pas humilier Moscou.

J’ai toujours eu un faible pour le président George H. W. Bush. Un homme d’État décent, intelligent et très porté sur les relations humaines. J’aurais certainement aimé lire sur lui dans Le Manoir. Suite à vos recherches, auriez-vous quelque chose à ajouter relativement à sa personnalité?

Il y avait, à l’évidence, de quoi écrire sur le mandat unique de George H. W. Bush, son approche modérée et respectueuse des joutes politiques, son apport immense pour la résolution pacifique de la guerre froide, et son refus de crier victoire pour ne pas humilier Moscou. Mais là encore, il me fallait faire des choix.

Le risque existe donc, comme un Clinton face au génocide du Rwanda ou un Obama face aux armes chimiques en Syrie ou l’invasion de la Crimée, que l’administration Biden se tienne en retrait le jour J, absorbée par les questions intérieures.

Selon moi, le profil du président-élu Joe Biden ressemble justement beaucoup à celui du 41e président. En observateur averti (et quotidien) de la Maison-Blanche, quelle sera sa meilleure alliée, parmi ses qualités, pour relever les défis qui se présenteront à lui?

Son expérience, immense. Mais la plus grande qualité de Joe Biden est aussi son défaut, si l’on veut rester modéré dans ses projections : fin connaisseur de la politique internationale, Joe Biden a intégré dans son ADN le traumatisme de la guerre du Vietnam, le refus occidental d’intervenir en ex-Yougoslavie durant le siège de Vukovar puis de Sarajevo, et Srebrenica, sa propre « erreur » en 2002 lorsqu’il soutint l’invasion de l’Irak. Cela fait de lui un multilatéraliste convaincu, mais également un décideur prudent, qui pèsera et soupèsera longuement chaque crise internationale. Le risque existe donc, comme un Clinton face au génocide du Rwanda ou un Obama face aux armes chimiques en Syrie ou l’invasion de la Crimée, que l’administration Biden se tienne en retrait le jour J, absorbée par les questions intérieures. Mais donnons-lui sa chance!

Le tandem Eisenhower-Marshall s’impose comme l’exemple à suivre pour la future Administration américaine, face à la pire pandémie du coronavirus.

Une question à propos de l’histoire militaire américaine, si vous me permettez et parce que je connais votre appétence pour le sujet (je me propose de dévorer Des héros ordinaires pendant le congé des Fêtes). Quel chef de guerre (Grant, Patton, Eisenhower, Marshall, MacArthur ou un autre) aurait le plus à nous enseigner dans la période actuelle?

Ulysses Grant serait une piste intéressante, lui qui évita toujours d’accabler l’ennemi défait durant la guerre de Sécession. Mais sa gestion passive de la Reconstruction, et la rémanence des tensions raciales, ternissent son bilan. Le tandem Eisenhower-Marshall, qui sut tout à la fois gagner la guerre et la paix en 1945 et après, s’impose comme l’exemple à suivre pour la future Administration américaine, face à la pire pandémie du coronavirus : vision stratégique, mobilisation des ressources pour endiguer le mal et reconstruire une Amérique qui, sous Donald Trump, ressemble à un État « failli ». Il faut bien sûr modérer le propos, en se rappelant que Dwight Eisenhower, devenu président en 1953, n’osa jamais s’opposer frontalement à l’épouvantail qui avait pris les rênes du Parti républicain, le sénateur Joe McCarthy. Biden sera-t-il confronté aux résidus, voire à une survivance du trumpisme? Et si oui, aura-t-il les épaules pour faire rentrer le génie dans sa boîte? C’est une poigne à la Patton ou à la MacArthur qu’il lui faudrait alors, même si les deux hommes n’eurent jamais d’instinct politique développé.

Avez-vous des projets pour un nouveau livre dans un avenir prochain? Si oui, serait-ce indiscret de savoir quel en serait le sujet?

Je poursuis mes recherches sur la crise du Katanga en 1960-1961, après l’enquête menée sur la mort mystérieuse du secrétaire-général de l’ONU Dag Hammarskjöld (« Ils ont tué Monsieur H », Seuil 2019). Le Katanga fut un théâtre d’intervention méconnu des barbouzes gaulliens, sur lequel il reste beaucoup à dire. Loin, très loin de la Maison Blanche!

President-elect Joe Biden and the Return of Empathy

Like millions of people around the world, I’m impatient to see the results of Tuesday’s US presidential elections. Full disclosure, I ardently root for a Joe Biden victory. Not because I’m a traditional Democrat supporter (I am not, I canvassed in New Hampshire for my favorite contemporary president George W. Bush and I attended the 2004 and 2008 Republican National Conventions), but because of my profound lack of affinities for his opponent.

If you’re a Trump supporter, you can stop right here (and I suspect you will), because you won’t like the rest of this review.

When I read Bob Woodward’s latest book, Rage, a few weeks ago, I was struck by the following passage from one of his discussions with the current president of the United States:

“When’s the last time you apologized?”, asked Woodward. “Oh, I don’t know, but I think over a period – I would apologize. Here’s the thing: I’m never wrong.”

To me, that exchange encapsulates the Trump problem. Like kings of the Middle Ages, he thinks he can do no wrong. And he believes he can do or say whatever he wants, to hell with the consequences.

You don’t expect a head of state or government to be perfect. You want him or her to abide by certain standards but also to be human – like the rest of us. In this day and age, that’s precisely Joe Biden’s main quality in this race.

I was therefore curious to read Evan Osnos’ Joe Biden: The Life, The Run, and What Matters Now, to see what more could I learn about the man who might be on his way to march on Pennsylvania street after his inauguration on January 20th, 2021. I did not seek a policy book. I wanted a full-rounded portrait of a man seeking the highest office in the US, detailing his qualities and shortcomings. By all means, the author did not disappoint. An avid reader, Biden is known for his loyalty and being humble, as well as being arrogant and sometimes sloppy. He’s human!

Evan Osnos writes that he is such a tactile politician that “When Biden and Obama worked a rope line, Biden sometimes took so long that aides had to restart the soundtrack.” Or when “Leon Panetta recalled listening to Biden work the phone at the White House: “You didn’t know whether he was talking to a world leader or the head of the political party in Delaware.””

In a nutshell, Biden is the kind of guy you’d like to sip a caramel macchiato with on a Saturday morning.

Thanks to the author, I learnt that Joe Biden – contrary to some political accusations – is not part of the establishment. He was, incidentally, “[…] among the least prosperous members of the United States Senate” and he planned to take a second mortgage to pay for his son’s cancer treatments (who passed away later). President Obama offered to help him financially, but his vice-president never came back to ask for it.

Biden suffered in his life. A lot. And one of his strongest traits (in my humble opinion) is that he is not afraid to share his humanity. A few days before Christmas 1972, he lost his first wife and daughter in a car accident. He went through serious health issues. The most touching part of the book for me is when the author writes about “Brayden Harrington, a thirteen-year-old from New Hampshire, [that] gave credit to Biden for telling him that they belonged to “the same club – we stutter.””

America is in a state of turmoil. Americans are suffering. Greatly. This mood won’t disappear at the touch of a magic wand nor at the turn of a blind eye. If he is elected this week, Joe Biden will probably never rank among the transformational presidents such as FDR, LBJ or Reagan. But he can be a gifted and consequential transitional one like Harry S. Truman or George H. W. Bush. The grandfather who looks like he’s just out of the gym (I borrow this formula from the author) would bring a healthy dose of much-needed humanity, sincerity, modesty, decency and, dare I say, sometimes vulnerability in the White House.

This electoral cycle, I suspect many people are voting against Donald Trump and not necessarily for Joe Biden. For those unfamiliar with who Joe Biden’s character, Evan Osnos opens a window on the personality of an attaching man whose challenges will be of Himalayan proportions depending on Tuesday’s electoral results.

Joe Biden most certainly won’t be able to transform US politics in a heartbeat, but at least Americans will have a good man at the helm of the ship of state.

Let us now hope that Evan Osnos will put his exceptional talents as a biographer at our service in writing about another political or historical figure in the near future. In his book about Joe Biden, he mentions the Democratic contender has read one of the tomes about LBJ by Robert A. Caro. Having myself tremendously enjoyed this four-volumes biography of JFK’s successor, I find Osnos talents to be comparable to those of the iconic writer.

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Evan Osnos, Joe Biden: The Life, The Run, and What Matters Now, New York, Scribner, 2020, 192 pages.

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the always helpful Athena Reekers of Simon & Schuster Canada for providing me with a copy of this book.

Jesus Christ and General Jackson

In just a few hours, veteran news anchor Chris Wallace will moderate the first presidential debate between Donald Trump and Joe Biden, an exercise that will shine a bright light on the character of these individuals vying to occupy the Oval Office starting next January 20th.

As a seasoned journalist, Chris Wallace has a unique perspective of those who are called to occupy the seats of power. He has recently put this quality to good use in offering a better understanding of Harry S. Truman, one of the most consequential President in American history.

In Countdown 1945: The Extraordinary Story of the Atomic Bomb and the 116 Days That Changed the World, the anchor of Fox News Sunday surprised me with his portrait of Truman. I had always been under the impression that the 33rd President was a trigger-happy man who was only too pleased to bomb America’s nemesis in the Pacific. The reality is much more nuanced.

On April 12, 1945, President Roosevelt’s Veep left behind the bourbon and branch water drink he was enjoying on Capitol Hill to reach the White House urgently. Notoriously sick, the news of the death of the United States Commander in chief nevertheless sent shock waves throughout the country and the world. Clearly unprepared, Truman was de facto constitutionally called to replace the beloved leader.

Approximately two weeks after becoming the new White House resident, Secretary of War Henry Stimson broke the news to President Truman that he was about to possess a new superweapon, the atomic bomb, which could play a determining role in the end of the hostilities with Japan. Only two months after being sworn in, Truman travelled to Potsdam for a summit with seasoned leaders Churchill and Stalin. His education as a warlord must have been quite brutal.

Confronted with a seemingly war with no end, the President juggled many different scenarios over several weeks. At first, he considered a ground invasion, a scenario that entailed “[…] a long and bloody conflict.” Another option was “[…] a nonmilitary demonstration [of their new weapon], so the Japanese would see the futility of continuing the war.” But the possibility that the bomb might not work disqualified that option. Furthermore, Secretary of War Stimson, Chief of Staff Leahy, General Marshall and General Eisenhower were all against going for the atomic avenue. And they were no peaceniks. According to the author, “Truman spent more and more time on the question of how to deliver a final ultimatum to Japan”. After several weeks of “long and careful thought”, of agonizing, losing sleep and suffering from headaches, the new President “[…] felt it was inescapable that if the weapon worked, he must be willing to use it.” Even if he didn’t like it.

Even though I will always feel that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been one of the greatest human tragedies of history, I am nevertheless of the opinion that the Americans were blessed to have a thoughtful and considerate man like Harry S. Truman to end the war.

Throughout his book, Chris Wallace depicts him as a decent, loyal and straightforward man whose favorite expression was “Jesus Christ and General Jackson!” (I might adopt it myself!). The kind of person you would like to have breakfast with at your favorite eatery. To that effect, my favorite passage from the book is worth quoting at length:

One evening, after another frustrating day at the conference, Truman’s motorcade was leaving the palace when an Army public relations officer asked if he could get in the president’s car. Once the two men were by themselves in the backseat, the colonel said, “Listen, I know you’re alone over here. If you need anything like, you know, I’ll be glad to arrange it for you.”

“Hold it, don’t say anything more,” the president interrupted. “I love my wife, my wife is my sweetheart. I don’t want to do that kind of stuff. I don’t want you ever to say that again to me.” Truman and the colonel rode the rest of the way back to the Little White House in silence.

Chockfull of interesting details that entertain the reader, I was captivated to read about the creation of the Underwater Demolition Teams – the ancestors of the American Navy SEALs – who had to endure “Hell Week”. I also enjoyed learning about Sergeant Bob Caron – a tail gunner from New York – who wrote to the Brooklyn Dodgers to ask for a baseball cap of his favorite team, which he wore during the fateful mission on August 7th, 1945. These are the type of eccentricities that give life to history.

Countdown 1945 deserves a place in the gallery of great books about past US Presidents. Chris Wallace has an engaging pen and a knack for evoking the kind of details that humanizes the characters of his story – even though I would never be fond of being invited to a liver and bacon meal like the one Truman and Stalin liked so much to share at Potsdam.

Hopefully, Chris Wallace’s questions and interventions in tonight’s presidential debate will highlight the qualities required for the highest office in the United States.

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Chris Wallace (with Mitch Weiss), Countdown 1945: The Extraordinary Story of the Atomic Bomb and the 116 Days That Changed the World, New York, Avid Reader Press, 2020, 313 pages.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Allie Lawrence from Avid Reader Press (Simon & Schuster), who has been extremely kind in helping me obtaining a copy of this enthralling book.

The importance of “Soft Power”

GeorgeHWBush_ChinaFile
President George H. W. Bush on Tiananman Square in Beijing (China), February 25, 1989 (Source: ChinaFile)

Cliquez ici pour la version française

Few years ago, I was captivated by Professor Joseph S. Nye Jr.’s book Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. I recently approached the former Dean of the Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government and former Clinton administration official to submit him a few questions. He generously accepted to respond. Here is the content of our exchange.

You are the father of the term soft power. Just to make sure all my readers understand well, what would be the best short definition of this concept and why is it so important in international relations?

Power is the ability to affect others to get the outcomes you want and it is basic to international relations analysis.  You can affect others by coercion, payment, and attraction. Soft power is the ability to get what you want by attraction rather than coercion or payment.

Continue reading “The importance of “Soft Power””